http://gutiskarazda.org/en/diccionario/
The site of the Gothic language
Dictionary
This list contains attested words and words reconstructed by linguists. This dictionary is especially written for writing in Gothic, therefore stems are included.
Abbreviations
acc. = accusative
adv. = adverb
dat. = dative
int. = interrogative (questions)
voc. = vocative
W.E. = reconstructed by Wolfram Euler
neol. = neologism (these are words which didn’t exist when the Goths lived.)
rec. = reconstruction
Greek = direct translation of original Greek, highly unlikely genuine Gothic
Scroll to the bottom to download a PDF of this dictionary.
Initial position means the first place in a phrase, in “The man is here.”, ‘the’ is in the initial position.
Just like in normal dictionaries, ~ means a repetition of the main word. So if you look up Gothic and find “2. *~ language”, the ~ means Gothic.
Here are some tips when using Gothic:
All -us nouns are masculine, except for faihu (n.) (Property) and reconstructed *alu (n.) (Beer) and handus (f.) (Hand), kinnus (f.) (Cheek), baurgswaddjus (f.) (Wall) and asiluqairnus (f.) (Millstone).
When saying for instance “It is beautiful”, you use the n. Declension (Skaun ist).
When more translations are available, the most prevalent is given first.
abbreviation – *maurgeins (f. I/O)
about – bi + acc (as in: about him)
abundance – 1. ufarassus (m. U) 2. ufarfullei (f. N) 3. digrei (f. N)
abuse – *anamahts (f. I)
abuse, to – anamahtjan (I)
abuser – *anamahtjands (m. Cons.)
abyss – afgrundiþa (f. O)
access – atgagg (n. A)
according – ~ to = afar + dative
accusation – 1. fairina (f. O) 2. wrohs (f. I)
adulterer – hors (m. A)
adulteress – *horo (f. N)
adultery – horinassus (m. U)
adversary – andastaua (m. N) (in court)
affection – 1. winna (f. O) 2. winno (f. N)
after – afar + dat/acc (in locative it’s the dative, temporal form uses either dative or accusative)
against – wiþra + acc
aged – framaldrs (adj. A) (as in old)
aim – mundrei (f. N)
alm – armaio (f. N) = almu, armo(pala), vasarakirvestä/kuuria, partitisiippi diminutiivin päätteetä -ar-, -al- verbinvartalona, armas.
along – and + acc [and = pitkin, päälle, liett. ant = engl. on , kanta-IE *(h)en- = sisään, saattavat olla samaa perua kuin suomen enä, enetä, ilmeinen IE-sana muistuttaa kampakeraamista *el-, *ol- = elää, olla, käydä (olut) jne. -verbiä
always – sinteino
already – ju = jo, viron ju, juba, liettuan jau [sanakirjojen "kantakerm." on otettu gootista, josta ainakaan liettuan ja preussin iau EIVÄT ole lainaa, mahd. kanta-IE *hieuh- = nuori, josta suomen vasarakirvestäkin vanhempi IE-laina hieho]
amazement – usfilmei (f. N), ~n dissitan = to be amazed
amber – 1. *glas (n. A) 2. *gles (n. A)
amber route – 1. *glasawigs (m. A) 2. *glesawigs (m. A)
amen – amen
anger – moþs (m. A)
answer – andahafts (f. I) = "vastahuuto", engl. sana = "vastakirous"
and – 1. jah 2. -uh (Can only be used after verbs and names) [SU-laina, viron ja]
angel – aggilus (m. U/I) = varsin mahdollisesti balttia kuten myös toinen (suojelus)enkelisana rapa (Rafael)...
answer, to – 1. andhafjan (VI) + dat
ant – *emaitja (f. O)
Antiochia – Antiaukia (f. Noun, declined as O)
anthropologist – 1. *mannaleis (m. A) 2. *mannaleisa (f. O)
anthropology – *mannaleisei (f. N)
any – 1. ~ man = mannahun (first part declined as manna)
apostle – apaustaulus (m. U/I)
apostleship – apaustaulei (f. I)
Arabia – Arabia (f. Undeclined)
archangel – arkaggilus (m. U/I)
arkenstone – *airknastains (m. A)
armour – sarwa (n. Wa) = varustus
army – harjis (m. Ja), preussilaina
artemisia – *bibauts = pujo, maruna
ash – azgo (f. N)
Asia – Asia (f. O)
ass – assilus (m. U) (synonyme of donkey)
assumption – anaminds (f. I)
astronomer – 1. *stairnaleis (m. A) 2. *stairnaleisa (f. O)
astronomy – *stairnaleisei (f. N)
Athens – Aþeineis (I)
Austria – *austrareiki (n. Ja)
author – bokareis (m. Ja)
axe – aqizi (f. O)
bag – balgs (m. I)
Balder (myth.) – *baldrs (m. A)
ball – *ballus (m. U)
bank – skattjans (m. N) (plural of skattja (moneychanger) means a bank)
banquet – *waitisloþ (n. A)
barely – halisaiw
barn – bansts (m. I)
barren – stairo (f. N)
battle – waihjo (f. N) [balttia, lt. vyti (veja, vijo) = ajaa, vytis = vaania, saattaa olla *gwen- = ajaa (takaa, ulos), *kwen- = kestää, kantaa, puolustaa -peräinen (vaino, vainu, kainu jne.)
beat, to – *biutan (II)
beautiful – skauns (adj. I/Ja) > sm. kaunis, baltin skonis = maku, skanus = maukas
because – 1. Duþe 2. Unte (Only in initial position.) 3. ~ of = in + gen
bed – ligrs (m. A)
bedroom – (neol) badiheþjo (f. N) / (neol) slepaheþjo (f. N)
bee – *biwa (f. Wo) [lt bìtė, lv bite. ven pčela, пчола́, saattaa olla samaa perua kuin suomen pii = piikki, pii-aine, mehiläinen]
beer – *alu (n. U), barley ~ = barizalu (n. U), black ~ = swartalu (n. U), wheat ~ = hvaitjalu (n. U), white ~ = hveitalu (n. U)
beggar – bidagwa (m. N)
beginning – anastodeins (f. I)
Belgrade – *Hveitabaurgs (f. Cons)
bench– *banks (m. I)
Beroia – Bairauja (f. Noun, declined as O)
berry – basi (n. Ja)
Bethlehem – Beþlaihaim (nom. Beþlaihaim gen. Beþlaihaimis)
better – iusiza (adj. Comp.)
between – miþ + dative, ~ the two borders = miþ tweihnaim markom
big – mikils (adj. A)
birch – *bairka (f. O)
bird – fugls (m. A)
bishop – aipiskaupus (m. U), office of a ~ = aipiskaupei
bitcoin – (neol) bitskatts (m. A)
bitterness – baitrei (f. N)
blasphemy – wajamerei (f. N)
blessedness – audagei (f. N) > sm. autuus?
blind – blinds (adj. A)
boar – *bais (m. A) [= baisus = kauhea, pelottava? Boar = villikarju, bear = karhu = "(Iso) Ruskea" = ruskean tappavan eläimen nimen eufemismi
boldness – balþei (f. N)
border – marka (f. O)
boundary – marka (f. O)
born, to be – wairþan (III)
bow – *buga (m. N)
box – arka (f. O)
branch – 1. asts (m. A) 2. tains (m. A)
bread – hlaifs (m. A) < klebas = "ympröinti", (f turns to b in sing. Gen + dat and all plural forms), light ~ = hwaitahlaifs (m. A), brown ~ = swartahlaifs (m. A), wheat ~ = hwaitjahlaifs (m. A)
breast – brusts (f. Cons.)
breastplate – brunjo (f. N)
bridegroom – bruþfaþs (m. I)
broad – rums (adj.)
brook – rinno (f. N)
brother – broþar (m. R), ~s = broþrahans (m. N)
building – gatimrjo (f. N) [Gootin sana on balttia tempti (timpti, tampti) = mm. rakentaa timpuroida
burden – kauriþa (f. O)
butcher – skilja (m. N)
buy, to – bugjan (I weak j)
cake – *koka (f. O)
calf – 1. stiur (m. A) 2. kalbo (f. N) (female calf which is under one years old and which hasn’t got calves yet)
candlestick – lukarnastaþa (m. N)
capital city – *haubidabaurgs (f. Cons)
car – *raida (f. O)
care – kara (f. O), he ~s about .. = .. (gen) imma kara ist
carpenter – timrja (m. N)
casualness – latei (f. N)
cart-pole – *þeihsla (f. O) < tinkslas = laite
cathedral – *aipiskaupaus aikklesjo (f. N) 2. *kaþaidral (n. A)
century – *jerahund (m. A)
certain – sums (adj. A)
chair – sitls (þm. A)
chamber – heþjo (f. N)
cheek – kinnus (f. U)
cheerfulness – hlasei (f. N)
child – barn (n. A) < bernis, berniukas = (pieni) poika
chupacabra – 1. *gaitisugja (m. N) (reconstructed by B. P. Johnson) 2. *gaitisugjo (f. N) (female chupacabra)
church – aikklesjo (f. N)
circumcision – bimaita (f. O)
citizen – baurgja (m. N)
citizenship – kawtsjo (f. N)
clay – þaho (f. N)
cloak – inilo (f. N)
close – nehva (near) + dat
closet – heþjo (f. N)
cloud – milhma (m. N)
coal – hauri (n. Ja)
coat – paida (f. O)
cock – hana (m. N) (male hen)
coffee – *kahwa (f. O) (W. E.)
coin – skatts (m. A)
cold – kalþs (adj. A)
comb – *kambs (m. A)
comb, to – *kambjan (ei)
come, to – qiman (IV abl)
coming – qums (m. I)
comforter – parakletus (m. U) (Greek)
commandmend – anabusns (f. I)
commonwealth – usmet (n. A)
companion – gahlaiba (m. N)
consent – gaqiss (adj. A)
conscience – 1. miþwissei (f. N) 2. þuhtus (m. U)
conspiracy – birunains (f. I)
conspirator – *birunands (m. Cons.)
conspire, to – birunan (III)
convent – *munasterjo (f. N)
convention – gaqumþs (f. I)
Copenhagen – *Kaupamannehabna (f. O)
coppersmith – aizasmiþa (m. N)
corner – waihsta (m. N), ~ stone = waihstastains (m. A)
corruption – riurei (f. N) (as in eternal destruction)
counsel – to take ~ = runa (f. O) gataujan (I)
cousin – 1. gadilligs (m. Noun) (male) 2. niþjo (f. N) (female)
cover, to – huljan (I weak j)
cow – *kos (f. Cons)
craftiness – warei (f. N) < (g)wara, sm. varus-
cream – 1. *raums (m. A) 2. *riuma (m. N)
crime – missadeþs (f. I)
cross – galga (m. N) (christian cross)
crown – wipja (m. N)
crucify, to – 1. ushramjan (I weak j) 2. hramjan (I weak j)
cuckoo bird – *gauks (m. A)
cup – stikls (m. A)
cymbal – klismo (f. N)
Dalmatia – Dalmatia (f. Declined as O)
Damascian – Damasks (adj. A)
Damascus – Damasko (f. N)
daily – sinteino
dance – laiks (m. A)
Dane – *Dans (m. I)
danger – 1. bireikei (f. N) 2. sleiþei (f. N) (only one occurence)
dangerous – sleiþs (adj. I/Ja) (declined as -ja stem mostly)
dark – *riqizeins (adj. A)
darkness – riqis (n. A)
daughter – dauhtar (f. R)
day – dags (m. A), daily = daga hvammeh, ~ by ~ = daga jah daga, every ~ = dags hindar daga (as a continuation of days in which something happens), to~ = himma daga
deacon – diakaunus (m. U)
deafness – daubei (f. N)
death – dauþus (m. U)
debtor – skula (m. N)
deceit – liutei (f. N)
deceitfullness – afmarzeins (f. I/O)
deep – diups (adj. A)
deepness – diupei (f. N)
depart, to – afleiþan (abl. I)
Denmark – Danimarka (f. O)
devil – 1. diabaulus (m. U) (the devil) 2. unhulþo (f. N) (a devil)
demon – 1. unhulþo (f. N)
demonologist – 1. unhulþoleis (m. A) 2. unhulþoleisa (f. O)
demonology – unhulþoleisei (f. N)
desire – 1. lustus (m. U) 2. gairnei (f. N)
dictionary – (neol) waurdabokos (f. O)
die, to – 1. gaswiltan (III abl)
difference – anþarleikei (f. N)
different – missaleiks (adj. A)
diligence – usdaudei (f. N)
dishonour – unswerei (f. N)
ditch – dals (m. Noun)
dominion – fraujinassus (m. U)
donkey – assilus (m. U)
doomsday – *stauadags (m. A)
download, to – (neol) dalaþhlaþan (VI)
dragma – drakma (m. N)
dragon – 1. *waurms (m. A) 2. *draka (m. An)
dream – 1. *swifns (m. A) 2. *draums (m. A)
dream, to – *draumjan (heavy i weak), I dreamed = mik draumida
drunkenness – drugkanei (f. N)
dryad (wood-dweller) – *widugauja (m. N)
Dublin – *Swartaswumfsl (n. A)
duke – *harjatuga (m. N)
dust – stubjus (m. U)
dwarf – *dwairgs (m. A)
eagle – ara (m. N)
ear – auso (n. N)
earl – *airls (m. A)
earlier – airis
early – air
earth – airþa (f. O)
earthquake – reiro (f. N)
easier – raþiza (adj. Comp.)
east – *austradails (f. I)
[eat - itan [balttia: lt. kuurin êstum, ëidi = syöttää, sl, vsk aidi?
Jotvinki:
ēdais! (you [sg] ) eat! (imp)
ēdaite! (you [pl] ) eat! (imp)
ēdint to feed (Inf)
ēdis meal, food
ēdus having a good appetite
ēdvens having eaten
ēska appetite
ēstun (ēdi) to eat (Inf)]
Edda – *Izdo (f. N)
elbow – *eibuga (f. O)
elder – praizbwtairei (f. N) (from jewish
elf – *albs (m. A)
emerald – *smaragdus (m. U)
emperor – kaisar (m. A)
empty – laus (adj. A)
end – andeis (m. Ja)
England – *Aggilaland (n. A) > Anglija (pr.) = "Hiilimaa"
English – *Aggils (adj. A)
Englishman – *Aggils (m. A)
equality – ibnassus (m. U)
error – airzei (f. N)
eternity – 1. aiws (m. A/I) (accusative plural declines as aiwins, the rest as an a-stem) 2. ajukduþs (f. I)
evening – andanahti (n. Ja)
every – 1. hvarjis (m.) (dat. = hvarjammeh, acc. = hvarjanoh) 2. hvarjatoh (n.) (gen. = hvarjizuh, dat. = hvarjammeh) 3. *hvarjoh (f.) (gen. = *hvarjizozuh, dat. = *hvarjaih acc. = hvarjoh) 4. in ~ thing = in allamma
everywhere – hvaruh
evil – unþiuþ (n. A)
exalt, to – ushauhjan (I i)
excess – usstiurei (f. N)
except – alja + dat
excuse oneself, to – sik faurqiþanana/a haban, (m) excuse me = habai mik faurqiþanana (f) habai mik faurqiþana
extraordinary – ussindo
eye – augo (n. N), evil ~ = augo unsel, ~ of a needle = þairko (n. N)
eyewitness- silbasiuneis (m. Ja)
face – wlits (noun)
faith – galaubeins (f. I/O)
faithful – galaubeins (adj. A)
falcon – *habuks (m. A)
fall – drus (m. Noun) (dative singular = drusa)
fallow – *falws (adj. Wa)
fan – winþiskauro (f. N) (to blow wind)
farao – farao (m. N)
fasting – lausqiþrei (f. N)
fate – *waurþs (f. I)
father – 1. atta (m. N) 2. fadar (m. R) (Only occurs once and used for an earthly father, but atta is used for an earthly father too.)
feast – dulþs (f. I)
feather – *fiþra (f. O)
fellowship – gamainei (f. N)
female – *qinokunds (adj. A)
Fenrir (wolf myth.) – *fanareis (m. Ja)
fever – 1. brinno (f. N) 2. heito (f. N)
few – faus (adj. A)
fiend – fijands (m. Cons.)
fiery – funisks (adj. A)
fig – smakka (m. N)
fig tree – smakkabagms (m. A)
fighting – waihjo (f. N) [liettuan veikti (veikia, veikė) = toimia, vaikuttaa, latinan vincō, -ere = pystyä, vaikuttaa > PIE *wenk-]
fill, to – fulljan (I i weak), get filled, to – fullnan (IV weak)
finger – figgrs (m. A)
Finland – *Finnahaiþi (f. Jo) Finþland = polkumaa
Finn – *Finnahaiþas
Finnish – *Finnisks (adj. A)
fire – fon (noun) (gen. Sing. = funins, dat. Sing. = funin)
first – 1. frumist 2. fruma (adj. A weak)
fish – fisks (m. A)
fit – gatils (adj. A)
flag – *fana (m. N)
flesh – mammo (f. N) (human meat)
flood – 1. ahwa (f. O) 2. garunjo (f. N)
flood, to – swipan (III)
flower – bloma (m. N)
fly, to – *fliugan (II)
foam – hvaþo (f. N) > vaahto?
follower – galaista (m. N)
foolishness – 1. unwiti (n. Ja) 2. niuklahei (f. N)
foot – fotus (m. U)
football – *fotuballus (m. U)
for – 1. faur (a means for) 2. auk (only in second or third position) (synonyme of because as giving a reason)
forefathers – airizans (adj. Comp. Weak)
forest – *widus (m. U)
fornication – 1. kalkinassus (m. U) 2. horinassus (m. U)
found, to – gasuljan (I j weak)
foundation – 1. *gasuleins (f. I/O) 2. grunduwaddjus (m. U) (stone wall)
fountain – brunna (m. N)
fox – fauho (f. N)
free – freis (adj. Ja), for ~ / ~ of charge = arwjo (adv.)
freedom – 1. freihals (m. A) 2. frijei (f. N) (only one occurence)
freeze, to – friusan (II)
France – *Fragkareiki (n. A)
freeman – fralets (m. Noun)
Freyja – frauja (f. O)
Freyr – fraujis (m. Ja)
Friday – *fraujins dags (m. A)
friend – 1. (m.) frijonds (m. Cons) 2. (f.) frijondi (f. Jo)
frog – *frusks (m. A)
frost – frius (n. A)
fruit – akran (n. A)
full – fulls (adj. A) + gen (gen. is used when translated as full of)
fullness – fullo (f. N)
Galatia – Galatia (f. O)
Galatian – Galateis (m. I)
Galilee – Galeilaius (m. U/I)
garden – aurtigards (m. I)
garment – snaga (m. N)
gate – 1. daur (n. A) 2. dauro (f. N)
gather, to – lisan (V abl.)
gathering – gaqumþs (m. I)
Geat – *gauts (m. A)
gentleness – 1. selei (fu. N) 2. mukamodei (f. N)
German – *þiudisks (adj. A)
Germany – *þiudiskaland (n. A)
gift – giba (f. O)
girl – mawilo (f. N)
give, to – giban (V abl) + dat
glory – wulþus (m. U)
glove – *lauhs (m. A)
goal – mundrei (f. N)
goat – gaits (m. I), ~’s milk = gaitimiluks (f. Cons.)
God – 1. Guþ (m. A) (Abrahamic God) 2. Guþ (n. A) (other God then christian or jewish one), the form of ~ = gudaskaunei (f. N)
godless – gudalaus (adj. A)
godliness – gagudei (f. N)
godly – gudisks (adj. A)
gold – gulþ (n. A)
golden – gulþeins (adj. A)
good – goþs (adj. A)
goodness – selei (f. N)
gospel – aiwaggeljo (f. N)
Goth – Guta (m. A)
Gothic – 1. *Gutisks (adj. A) 2. *~ language – Gutiska (adj. A) razda (f. O), Gutrazda (f. O), Gutrazda (f. O)
Gothiscandza – *Gutskaþja (f. Jo)
Goths – Gutþiuda (f. O) among the ~ – ana Gutþiudai
governor – kindins (m. A)
grace – ansts (f. I)
grandmother – awo (f. N)
grape – weinabasi (n. Ja)
grass – hawi (n. Ja)
grave – hlaiw (n. A) [Tämä ei ole varmaa. Tämä sana on tarkoittanut ns. "laivahautoja", jotka eivät sitten olekaan hautoja.
graveyard – *hlaiwagards (m. I)
great – mikils (adj. A)
greater – maiza (adj. Comp.)
greatness – mikilei (f. N)
Greece – *Krekaland (n. A)
greed – 1. faihufrikei (f. N) 2. faihugairnei (f. N) 3. faihugeiro (f. N)
Greek – Kreks (m. A)
green – *groneis (adj. Ja)
Greenland – *Groniland (n. A)
group – 1. kuni = "kunta"? (n. Ja) (tribe or subdivision of hierarchy) 2. kubitus (m. U) (group around table)
hail – hagl (n. A) > hauli?
half – 1. halba (f. O) 2. halbs (adj. A)
hand – handus (f. U)
happen, to – wairþan (III)
harbor – *habna (f. O)
hardness – ~ of heart = harduhairtei (f. N)
hawk – *habuks (m. A) > ha(v)ukka, kanahaukka?
healing – leikinassus (m. U)
heart – hairto (n. N), hardness of ~ = harduhairtei (f. N)
heaven – himins (m. A) (never with article, accompanying adjective always declines strongly)
heavenly – himinakunds (adj. A)
helmet – hilms (m. A)
Hebrew – 1. Haibraius (m. U/I) (person) 2. *Haibraiwisks (adj. A), ~ language = *Haibraiwiska (adj. A) razda (f. O)
height – hauhei (f. N)
heir – arbja (m. N)
hell – halja (f. O), to ~ with you = *Diabaulus þuk nimai
hello – 1. hails + voc (to a man), haila + voc (to a woman) 2. Golja þuk 3. Fagino
helmet – hilms (m. A)
Helsinki – *Halsiggefurs
herd – hairda (f. O)
Herding (myth.) – *hazdiggs (m. A)
here – her
Herodian – Herodianus (m. U/I)
Herule – *Airuls (m. A)
hero – *haliþs / *haluþs (m. Cons.)
hi – see: hello
hidden – fulgins (adj. A)
Hierapolis – Iairapaulei (noun)
high – hauhs (adj. A)
higher – auhuma (adj. Comp. Weak)
hill – hlain (n. A)
him – imma (dat) ina (acc)
his – is, seinis (gen. M/N), seinaizos (gen. F), seinamma (dat. M/N), seinai (dat. F), seinana (acc. M), seinaize (gen. M/N pl.), seinaizo (gen. F pl.), seinaim (dat. Pl.) seinans (acc. M. Pl.) seina (acc. N. Pl.), seinos (acc. F. Pl.)
hither – hidre
Hlin (myth.) – *Hleins (m. A)
Hoder (myth.) – *Haflus (m. U)
hole – *hul (n. A)
holy – 1. weihs (adj. A)
honey – miliþ (n. A), bee ~ = biwamiliþ (n. A)
honourable – galaufs (adj. A)
hospitable – gastigoþs (adj. A)
hospitality – gastigodei (f. N)
host – wairdus (m. U)
hour – hweila (f. O)
house – 1. razn (n. A) 2. gards (m. I) (also used as family)
how – 1. (int.) Hvaiwa 2. Hvan ( as in: how narrow or how much, how nice)
human – manna (m. N)
humanity – manniskodus (m. U)
hunger – gredus (m. U)
hungry – gredags (adj. A)
hunny – miliþ (n. A)
hurry, to – sniwan (V abl)
husband – aba (m. N)
hypocrite – 1. liuts (adj. A) 2. liuta (m. N)
I – ik (only used for comparison or emphasis)
ice – *eis (n. A)
Iceland – (neol.) eisaland (n. A)
idiot – 1. (m.) dwala (m. N) 2. (f.) dwalo (f. N)
idolatry – galiugagude skalkinassus (m. U) (first part undeclined)
immortal – unriurs (adj. I)
immortality – undiwanei (f. N)
imprisonment – karkara (f. O)
inheritor – arbinumja (m. N)
injustice – ungaraihtei (f. N)
inspiration – ahmateins (f. I)
insurrection – auhjodus (m. U)
international – *miþþiudisks (adj. A)
internet – (neol.) miþnati (n. Ja)
inwardly – innaþro
iron – eisarneins (adj. A)
island – hulms (m. A)
Israel – Israel (m. A)
Japan – (neol.) Iapan (m. A)
Jericho – Eiairiko (f. N)
Jerusalem – Iairusalem (same in all cases except for genitive Iairusalems)
Jew – Iudaius (m. U/I)
jewel – precious ~ = *airknastains (m. A)
Jewish – iudaiwisks (adj. A)
job – arbaiþs (f. I)
Jordan – Iaurdanus (m. U/I)
journey – wratodus (m. U)
Judea – Iudaia (f. O)
judge – staua (m. N)
judgement – staua (f. O)
just – 1. (only) þatainei 2. ~ as = swaswe
key – *lukils (m. A)
king – þiudans (m. A)
kingdom – þiudinassus (m. U)
kiss – frijons (f. I)
kiss, to – kukjan (I) + dat
knife – sahs (m. A)
know, to – kunnan (prt-prs)
knowledge – kunþi (n. Ja) > kuningas? (kur.)
lack – waninassus (m. U)
labour – arbaiþs (f. I)
lamb – 1. lamb = karitsa, luultavasti vasarakirvestä "lämmitettävä eläin", ei selviä luonnossa (siihen aikaan kun syntyy), (n. A) 2. wiþrus (m. U) (only one occurence) 3. *lambamimz (noun) (To eat as flesh)
land – land (n. A) > sm. länsi
Laodicea – Laudeikaia (noun)
lasciviousness – aglaitei (f. N)
last – 1. aftumists (adj. A) 2. spedumists (adj. A) 3. spediza (adj. Comp.), only in: ist so spedeizei airziþa wairsizei þizai frumein = the last error shall be worst than the first
law – witoþ (n. A)
leaf – laufs (m. A) (f turns to b in sing. Gen + dat and all plural forms)
least – minnists (adj. Superl.)
leave, to – ~ with = bileiþan (I abl.)
left – hleiduma (adj. Comp.)
length – laggei (f. N)
less – minniza (adj. Comp.)
letter – boka (f. O)
lie, to – ligan (V abl) (to lie down somewhere)
Liechtenstein – (neol) Liuhtastains (m. A)
light – liuhadei (f. N)
lighthouse – 1. *fonkelikn (n. A) 2. *liuhadakelikn (n. A)
like, to – galeikan (III) (as in, to like something) + dat
linguist – 1. *razdaleis (m. A) 2. *razdaleisa (f. O)
linguistics – *razdaleisei (f. N)
locust – þramstei (f. N)
Loki (myth.) – 1. *lauha (m. N) 2. *luka (m. N)
long – laggs (adj. A)
longsuffering – usbeisnei (f. N)
look, to – 1. saihvan (V abl) 2. ~ around = ussaihvan (V abl)
loop – wruggo (f. N)
loot – *raupa (f. O)
lord – frauja (m. N)
lot – 1. a ~ of = filu + gen 2. hlauts (m. A), ~ imma urran = he was chosen by lot
love – frijaþwa (f. O), brotherly ~ = broþrulubo (f. N)
lump – daigs (m. Noun)
lust – lustus (m. U)
Luxemburg – (neol) leitilabaurgs (f. Cons)
Macedonia – Makaidonja (f. O)
Macedonian – Makidons (m. I)
machine – *sarwa (n. Wa) > sorvata?
madness – unfrodei (f. N)
Magdeburg – (neol) Magaþsbaurgs (f. Cons)
magic – lubjaleisei (f. N)
male – gumakunds (adj. A)
malice – balwawesei (f. N)
man – 1. manna (m. Cons) (plural nom + acc = mans) (human in general) 2. guma (m. N) 3. wair (m. A)
manger – uzeta (m. N)
manifestation – by ~ = bairhtein
mankind- manaseþs (f. I)
manner – sidus (m. U), ~ of life = usmet (n. A)
me – 1. (Dat) mis 2. (Acc) mik
meal – mats (m. I)
mean, to – 1. (to signify, what a word means) wisan, gaskeirjan (I) 2. (to intend to) munnan
measure – 1. mitaþs (f. Cons.) 2. mitadjo (f. N) > mitta?
measure, to – mitan (V abl)
meat – mimz (noun) liett. mėsà
member – 1. gadaila (m. N) (of group of people) 2. liþus (of body)
mercy – bleiþei (f. N)
mediator – midumonds (m. Nd)
messenger – airus (m. U) > airut?
metal – 1. *maital (n. A) (W. E) 2. *maitaleins (adj. A)
metallic – *maitaleins (adj. A)
milk – miluks (f. Cons)
millstone – asiluqairnus (f. U) = "aasikirnu"
minister – andbahts (m. A)
ministery – *andbahti (n. Ja)
minstrel – swiglja (m. N)
miracle – fauratani (n. Ja) (as a sign)
mirror – skuggwa (m. N) > kuva?
mistletoe – *mistilatains (m. A)
moderation – anawiljei (f. N)
moon – mena (m. N)
Monday – *menins dags (m. A)
month – menoþs (f. Cons), dat. Pl. = menoþum
money – 1. skatts (m. A)
moneychanger – skattja (m. N)
moral – godei (f. N)
morning – 1. maurgins (m. Noun) 2. uhtwo (f. N)
mortality – *diwanei (f. N)
moth – *malo (n. N)
mother – aiþei (f. N), wife’s ~ = swaihro (f. N) [balttia: kuurin ëidi = syöttää, sl, vsk aidi? Sana on taatusti balttiperua.
mourning – gaunoþus (m. U)
mouth – munþs (m. Noun)
move, to – inwagjan (I weak j) (move someone to do something)
mr. – *Frauja (m. N)
mugwort – *bibauts
multitude – 1. managei (f. N) 2. iumjo (f. N)
murderer – manamaurþrja (m. N) > murha?
my – meins (possessive pronoun, always declined strongly)
mystery – runa (f. O)
name – namo (n. N) (plural nom = namna, plural dat = namnam)
Naples – *Napleis (I)
nation – þiuda (f. O)
national – *þiudisks (adj. A)
near – nehva
neighbour – garazno (f. N) (female neighbour) , garazna (m. N) (male neighbour, in plural both genders)
nest – sitls (m. A)
next – the ~ day = iftumin daga
night – nahts , lt. naktis, (f. Cons), (in days and ~s = in dagam jah nahtam, normally dative plural is nahtim)
Niord (myth.) – *Nairþus (m. U)
north – *naurþadails (f. I)
Norway – *Naurþawigs (m. A)
now – nu
number – raþjo (f. N)
oath – aiþs (m. A)
oblivion – ufarmaudei (f. N)
observation – atwitains (f. I)
observe, to – witan (III) + dative
Oegir (myth.) – *Ogeis (m. Ja)
office – andbahti (n. Ja), ~ of the priest = gudjinassus (m. U)
often – ufta
Odin – *Wodans (m. A)
old – fairneis (adj. Ja)
on – (place) ana + dat
once – 1. simle (in the sense: once upon a time) 2. ainamma sinþa (one time)
one – ains (adj. A strong) 2. sums (one of people, so: one man = sums manna)
opening – luk (n. A)
or – 1. þau (choice between two things) 2. aiþþau (choice between multiple things and other uses then in 1)
order – wiko (f. N)
Oslo – *Osalauha
otherwise – aljaleikos (adv)
our – unsar (posessive pronoun, always strongly declined)
outside – uta, from the ~ = utana + gen
oven – auhns (m. Noun) lt. ugnis
ox – 1. auhsus (m. U) 2. auhsa (m. N) (only one occurence) 3. stiur (m. A)
page – *laufs (m. A) (f turns to b in sing. Gen + dat and all plural forms)
palm – ~ of hand = lofa (noun)
pants – *broks (f. Cons.)
parable – gajuko (f. N)
parchment – maimbrana (m. N)
parent – berusi (m. Ja)
parents – berusjos (
part – dails (f. I)
partiality – wiljahalþei (f. N)
participation – daila (f. O)
party – dulþs (f. I)
pass, to – usleiþan (I abl)
passover – 1. paska (feast) 2. pasxa (feast)
pay, to – usgildan (V abl)
peace – gawairþi (n. Ja)
penny – 1. assarjus (m. U) 2. kintus (m. U)
people – þiuda (f. O),lt. tauta
pepper – *pipr (n. A) (W. E)
perceive, to – gaumjan (I) + dat
perfect – 1. fullatojis (adj. Ja) 2. (adv) glaggwuba
perishing – riurei (f. N)
persecute, to – wrikan (V abl)
persecution – wrekei (f. N)
Pharisee – Fareisaius (m. U/I)
Phenician – fwnikisks (adj. A)
physician – lekeis (m. Ja) > lääke?
pinnacle – gibla (m. N)
plan – garehsns (f. I)
pleasure – gabaurjoþus (m. U)
plough – hoha (m. N)
poem – *liuþ (n. A)
poet – liudareis (m. Ja)
pope – *papa (m. N)
pork – *sweinamimz (noun)
porter – daurawards (m. A)
potter – kasja (m. N)
praise, to – hazjan (I weak j)
pray, to – bidjan (V abl irregular), he/she prayed = baþ
preacher – merjands (m. Cons.)
preeminence – frumadei (f. N)
preferable – þishun
pregnant woman – 1. inkilþo (f. N), wisandei ~ = being great with a child, to be pregnant 2. qiþuhafto (f. N)
prejudice – faurdomeins (f. O)
present, to – atsatjan (I i weak j)
presbytery – praizbwtairei (f. N)
pretence – inilo (f. N)
price – wairþ (m. A)
pride – hauhhairtei (f. N)
priest – gudja (m. N)
prince – reiks (m. Cons.)
priority – frumadei (f. N)
prison – karkara (f. O)
prisoner – bandja (m. N)
prize – sigislaun (n. A)
project – *faurawaurpa (f. O)
proof – kustus (m. U) ( as in a challenge)
prophet – praufetes (m. U/I)
prostitute – kalkjo (f. N)
prostitution – kalkinassus (m. U)
psychologist – 1. *ahmaleis (m. A) 2. *ahmaleisa (f. O)
psychology – *ahmaleisei (f. N)
publican – motareis (m. Ja)
purity – hrainei (f. N)
put, to – lagjan (I weak j)
queen – *þiudana (f. O)
question – sokns (f. I)
rabbi – rabbei (undeclined)
race – spaurds (f. Cons.) (Sports)
radio – (neol) radio (f. N)
ragnarökr – *ragine riqis (n. A)
rainbow – *rignabuga (m. N)
ransom – andabauhts (f. I)
read, to – 1. ussiggwan (III) 2. (Greek) anakunnan (III)
regards – kind regards = (rec.)
liubistons goleinins
register, to – anameljan (I)
registration – anameleins (f. I)
release, to – fraletan (V)
remission – aflageins (f. I/O)
rest – rimis (n. A)
restriction – gaaggwei (f. N)
reveal to – andhuljan (I i weak j)
reward – 1. laun (n. A) 2. mizdo (f. N)
reward, to – usgildan (III abl.)
Reykjavik – *Raukeweiks
rich – gabigs (adj. A) (rich of = gabigs in + dat)
riches – 1. gabei (f. N) 2. faihu (n. U)
ring – figgragulþ (n. A)
river – ahwa (f. O)
rock – hallus (m. U)
rod – wandus (m. U)
Roman – Rumonus (m. U/I) 2. Rumonisks (adj. A)
Rome – Ruma (f. O)
room – heþjo (f. N)
row – wiko (f. N)
ruler – fraujinonds (m. Nd)
sackcloth – sakkus (m. U)
sacrifice – sauþs (m. I)
safety – þwastiþa (f. O)
same – sama (adj. A, weak), at the ~ time = samana
Sana esiintyy laajasti itämerensuomalaisissa (paitsi liivissä) ja saamekielissä (mistä Álgu antaa päinvastaista väärää tietoa), germaanisissa, slaavilaisissa ja indoiramilaisissa kielissä sekä kreikassa (homo) ja tokaarissa (somo), mutta sitä EI esiinny ainakaan muissa balttikielissä kuin ehkä vasarakirveessä, eikä välttämättä myöskään kelttiläisromaanisissa kielissä (epävarmoja, kuten lat. similis), eikä myöskään kantaindoeuroopassa, eikä ugrilaisissa eikä samojedikielissä.
sand – malma (m. N), baltin mal(a)ma(s) = "jauhama", lt. malti
sapphire – *saffeirus (m. U)
Saturday – sabbato (undeclinable)
scorpion – skaurpjo (f. N)
scrip – matibalgs (m. I)
sea – 1. marei (f. N) 2. marisaiws (m. Noun) (megaliittikieltä)
seal – sigljo (n. N) Englanin etymologinen pitää sanaa seal , viron hüljes, -ge, suomilainana. Taaskin voi olla kyseessä megaliittisana.
secret – in ~ = in analaugnein
security – þwastiþa (f. O)
see, to – saihvan (V abl.)
seed – fraiw (n. A)
self – silba (adj. A, weak)
sepulchre – hlaiw (n. A)
servant – 1. skalks (m. A) 2. þiumagus (m. U) (young boy) 3. magus (m. U) (a young boy) 4. (Servants) þewisa (n. A)
service – 1. skalkinassus (m. U)
severity – hvassei (f. N)
shadow – skadus (m. U)
sharply – hvassaba (as in severely)
shave, to – 1. kapillon (II) 2. biskaban (VI)
shield – skildus (m. U)
shilling – skilliggs (m. A)
ship – skip (n. A)
shipwreck – to suffer ~ = usfarþon taujan us skipa
shit – 1. maihstus (m. U) 2. smarna (f. O)
shoe – skohs (m. A)
short – maurgus (adj. U)
shortage – waninassus (m. U)
shorten, to – gamaurgjan (I)
shoulder – ams (m. A)
show, to – ataugjan (I i weak) (person/object to whom shown = dat., shown person/object = acc.)
sick – siuks (adj. A)
sickness – siukei (f. N)
sign – 1. taikns (f. I) 2. bandwo (f. N), sign, to = ufmeljan (I) + dative
signature – *ufmeleins (f. I/O)
similar – galeiks (adj. A)
sincerity – 1. unriurei (f. N) 2. unwammei (f. N) 3. hlutrei (f. N)
singer – liudareis (m. Ja)
singleness – ainfalþei (f. N)
sister – swistar (f. R)
sit, to – sitan (V abl)
skull – hvairnei (f. N)
slave – 1. skalks (m. A) 2. (house-servant) þius (m. U)
sleight – filudeisei (f. N)
snake – waurms (m. A)
snare – wruggo (f. N)
sobriety – inahei (f. N)
soldier – gadrauhts (m. I)
solitary – auþeis (adj. Ja)
son – sunus (m. U)
song – liuþ (n. A)
soul – saiwala (f. O)
sound – drunus (m. U)
south – *sunþradails (f. I)
spear – *gais (m. A)
spearow – sparwa (m. N)
sperm – *fraiw (n. A)
spikenard – nardus (m. U)
spirit – ahma (m. N) (Spirit from God or a human, for ghost, see ghost)
spiritual – ahmeins (adj. A)
stake – hnuþo (f. N)
star – stairno (f. N)
state – reiki (n. Ja)
stature – wahstus (m. U)
stave – walus (m. U)
steep – ~ place – driuso (f. N)
sting – gazds (m. A)
stinking – fuls (adj. A)
Stockholm – *Stukkahulms (m. A)
stone – stains (m. A), corner ~ = waihstastains (m. A)
stony – stainahs (adj. A)
story – insahts (f. I)
strait – aggwus (adj. U)
stranger – gasts (m. I)
street – 1. gatwo (f. N) 2. plapja (f. O)
strength – swinþei (f. N)
strife – sakjo (f. N)
strike, to – *biutan (II)
stripe – slahs (m. I)
strong – swinþs (adj. A)
student – siponeis (m. Ja)
suck, to – *sugjan (II) + dat
suddenly – anaks
suffering – winno (f. N)
summer – asans (n. A)
sun – 1. sunno (f. N) 2. (Only used once) sauil (n. A)
Sunday – *sunnins dags (m. A)
Surtur (myth.) – *Swartus (m. U)
swelling – ufswalleins (f. I/O)
sword – 1. hairus (m. U)
Syria – 1. Saurja (f. O) 2. Swria (f. O)
Syrian – (m.) Saur (m. U/I), (f.) Saur
table – biuþs *(m. A)
tag – (online) sokiwaurd (n. A)
tax – 1. gild (n. A) 2. gilstr (n. A)
tea – *hairbata (f. O) (W. E.)
teach, to – 1. laisjan (I i weak) 2. talzjan (I i weak)
teacher – 1. laisareis (m. Ja) 2. talzjands (m. Cons.)
telegraph – (neol) fairramelja (m. N)
television – (neol.) fairrasiuns (f. I), to watch ~ – fairrasaihvan (V)
temptation – fraistubni (f. Jo)
temple – alhs (m. Cons)
test – kustus (m. U)
testimony – weitwodei (f. N)
thank, to – awiliudon (II) + dative
for – 1. (For as intention) dative use, eg. For him = imma 2. faur (for something) 3. in þis (because)
that – 1. þata 2. (Conj.) þatei, ei (as in: I see that I ….) 3. so ~ = ei … + opt
that – see: this
the – (Only used in emphasis or comparison and after a noun is used for the first time), see: this
their – 1. (m.) ize 2. (f.) izo
them – im (dat.), ins (m. Acc.), ija (n. / f. Acc.)
themselves – to ~ = du sis misso
theologist – 1. *guþleis (m. A) 2. *guþleisa (f. O)
theology – *guþleisei (f. N)
there – jainar
thereafter – afar þata
thief – hliftus (m. U)
think, to – 1. miton (II weak) 2. hugjan (I) (to suppose)
this – 1. sa (m. Nom.), þata (n. Nom. / Acc.), so (f. Nom.), þis (m./n. Gen.), þizos (f. Gen.), þamma (m./n. Dat.), þizai (f. Dat.), þana (m. Acc.), þo (f. Acc.)
thorn – þaurnus (m. U)
thought – mitons (f. I)
thousand – þusundi (f. Jo)
thirst – þaurstei (f. N)
three – þreis (adj. A strong)
Thursday – *þunaris dags (m. A)
Tiberian – Tibairiadeis (m. U/I)
time – 1. mel (n. A) (moment) 2. sinþ (n. A) (always with dative, e.g. two times = twaim sinþam), at the same ~ = samana
title – ufarmeli (n. Ja)
tittle – striks (m. I)
Tiw – *Teiws (m. A)
to – du + dative
today – himma daga
toe – *tains (m. A)
together – samana
Tokyo – (neol.) Tokio (f. N)
tolerable – sutis (adj. I)
tomorrow – gistradagis
tongue – tuggo (f. N)
too – 1. jah (synonym of also) 2. ufar- (too much = ufarfilu)
tooth – tunþus (m. U)
tower – kelikn (n. A)
translate, to – gaskeirjan (I)
translator – gaskeirja (m. N)
translation – gaskeireins (f. I/O)
trip – wratodus (m. U)
trouble – aglo (f. N)
Tuesday – *Teiwis dags (m. A)
tumult – 1. auhjodus (m. U) 2. drobna (m. N)
turtledove – hraiwadubo (f. N)
twelve – twalif (gen. = twalibe, dat. = twalibim)
two – twai (adj. A strong)
-ty – tigjus (m. U) (suffix for decades 20-60)
Tyr – *teiws (m. A)
uncleanness – 1. unhrainiþa (f. O) 2. unhrainei (f. N)
under – uf + dat
underpants – *ufbroks (f. Cons.)
understanding – 1. frodei (f. N) 2. fullaweis (adj. A)
underworld – *uffairhvus (m. U)
ungodliness – afgudei (f. N)
unity – ainamundiþa (f. O)
unlearned – untals (adj. A)
unspeakable – unqeþs (adj. I/Ja)
uproar – drobna (m. N)
urinate, to – *meigan (I)
urine – *hland (n. A)
valley – dals (m. Noun)
valkyrie – *walakusjo (f. N)
veal – *kalbomimz (noun)
very – 1. filu 2. abraba (stronger than filu)
vessel – kas (n. A)
virtue – godei (f. N)
walhalla – *walahalla (f. O)
wall – baurgswaddjus (f. U) (literally: city-wall, for another kind of wall use waddjus (f. U) seperately)
warfare – drauhtinassus (m. U)
watching – wokains (f. I)
water – wato (n. N), pl. Nom. = watna, pl. Gen. = *watne, pl. Dat. = watnam, pl. Acc. = watna
wave – wegs (m. A)
way – 1. wigs (n. A) (way on a land) 2. haidus (m. U) (way to do something)
weak – siuks (adj. A)
weapon – *sarwa (m. N)
Wednesday – *wodanisdags (m. A)
week – wiko (f. N)
weight – kaurei (f. N)
well – waila
werewolf – *wairawulfs (m. A)
west – *wistradails (f. I)
what – 1. (int) hva 2. (relative pronoun) see which
wheat – hvaiteis (m. Ja)
when – 1. (int.) hvan 2. þan (can never be used in initial position) 3. þanuh
where – 1. (int.) hvar 2. þarei (in phrases which aren’t questions, in the sense of: the place where = staþs, þarei)
whether – ei
while – 1. hveila (f. O) 2. miþþanei (With contrast, used as in: I was here, while he was there. Ik was her, miþþanei is was jainar.)
white – hveits (adj. A)
who – 1. (int.) (m. Nom.) Hvas, (f. Nom.) Hvo 2. (Who as relative pronoun, the person who ..) (m. Nom.) Saei, (n. Nom.) þatei, (f. Nom.) soei/sei (sei is used more frequently then soei)
wholly – allandjo (indecl)
whore – kalkjo (f. N)
why – 1. (interr) duhve 2. (interr) hva þatei 3. (confirmative), that’s why = in þis, in þizei
wickedness – unselei (f. N)
wide – braiþs (adj.)
widow – widuwo (f. N)
width – braidei (f. N)
wildly – wilþiba
will – wilja (m. N)
wind – winds (m. A)
window – augadauro (n. N)
wine – wein (n. A), berry ~ = basjawein (n. A)
wine-servant – *weinaskalks (m. A)
winter – wintrus (m. U)
wisdom – 1. handugei (f. N) 2. frodei (f. N)
wise – handugs (adj. A)
witch – *haljaruna (f. O)
witchcraft – lubjaleisei (f. N)
with – miþ + dative
without – 1. inuh + acc 2. utana + gen (from the outside)
witness – 1. weitwoþs (m. Root)
wizard – *lubjaleis (m. A)
wolf – wulfs (m. A)
woman – qino (f. N)
womb – 1. qiþus (m. U) 2. kilþei (f. N) (occurs only once)
woods – *widus (m. U)
word – waurd (n. A)
worse – wairsiza (adj. Comp. Weak)
Wodan – *Wodans (m. A)
woe – O woe = wai
work – waurstw (n. A)
worker – gawaurstwa (m. N)
working – waurstwei (f. N) (not labour by men but doing something)
world – 1. fairhvus (m. U) 2. midjungards (m. I) (the world where people live)
worm – maþa (m. N)
wormhole – *waurmahul (n. A)
worshipper – 1. *blostreis (m. Ja), ~ of God = gudblostreis (m. Ja) 2. *blostreisa (f. O)
worshipping – 1. blotinassus (m. U) 2. skalkinassus (m. U)
write, to – meljan (I) + dat
writer – 1. bokareis (m. Ja) 2. *bokareisa (f. O)
yellow – 1. *gilws (adj. Wa) 2. *gulws (adj. Wa)
yoke – juk (n. A)
younger – minniza (adj. Comp.), only in: The elder serves the ~ = sa maiza skalkinoþ þamma minizin
your (sing) – (both informal and formal) þeins (posessive pronoun, always declined strongly)
your (dual) – iggqar (possesive pronoun, always declined strongly)
your (plural) – izwar (possesive pronoun, always declined strongly)
zeitgeist – *aldiwists (f. I)
Gootin haban on haben, have on balttilaina.
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- https://hameemmias.vuodatus.net/lue/2015/05/onko-uralilaista-filoso...
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- " riittinen 03.01.2011 00:26
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